Prospective evaluation of feasibility and electrophysiologic and echocardiographic characteristics of left bundle branch area pacing

BACKGROUND His bundle pacing (HBP) is the most physiologic form of pacing but associated with higher thresholds and lower success in patients with His-Purkinje conduction disease. Recent reports have described transvenous left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP). OBJECTIVE We aimed to prospectively evaluate the feasibility and the electrophysiologic and echocardiographic characteristics of LBBAP. METHODS Patients requiring pacing for bradycardia or heart failure indications (failed left ventricular [LV] lead) were prospectively enrolled. LBBAP was performed with a Medtronic 3830 lead. Presence of left bundle branch (LBB) potential, paced QRS morphology/duration, and peak LV activation time (pLVAT) were recorded at implant. Pacing threshold and sensing was assessed at implant and follow-up. Echocardiography was performed to assess the approximate lead location and impact on tricuspid valve function. RESULTS LBBAP was successful in 93 of 100 (93%) patients. Mean age was 75 +/- 13 years; men 69%, left bundle branch block 24%, right bundle branch block 25%, intraventricular conduction defect 8%. Indications for pacing were atrioventricular (AV) block 54%, sinus node dysfunction 23%, AV node ablation 7%, cardiac resynchronization therapy 11%, HBP lead failure 7%. Baseline QRS duration was 133 +/- 35 ms. Paced QRS duration was 136 +/- 17 ms. LBB potentials were observed in 63 patients with left bundle branch - ventricle (LBB-V) interval of 27 +/- 6 ms. pLVAT was 75 +/- 16 ms. Pacing threshold at implant was 0.6 +/- 0.4 V @ 0.5 ms and R waves were 10 +/- 6 mV and remained stable at median follow-up of 3 months. The lead depth in the septum was approximately 1.4 +/- 0.23 cm. CONCLUSIONS LBBAP was feasible in a high percentage of patients with low thresholds during acute follow-up. HBP and LBBAP may significantly increase the overall success of physiologic pacing.