Degradation of the antiviral drug oseltamivir carboxylate in surface water samples

Numerous studies have documented that a wide number of pharmaceuticals used in human and veterinary medicine have the potential to enter the aquatic ecosystem. The antiviral prodrug oseltamivir phosphate has received recent attention with regard to its possible use against the highly pathogenic H5N1 virus. This preliminary laboratory study investigated the persistence of the active antiviral drug, oseltamivir carboxylate (OSC), in water samples taken from an irrigation canal. After an initial rapid decrease, OSC concentrations slowly decreased during the remaining incubation period. Approximately 65% of the initial OSC amount remained in water at the end of the 36-day incubation period. A small amount of OSC was lost both from sterilized water and from sterilized water/sediment samples, suggesting a significant role for microbial degradation. Stimulating microbial processes by the addition of sediments resulted in reduced OSC persistence. Presence of OSC (1.5 mu g mL(-1)) did not significantly affect the metabolic potential of the water microbial population, estimated by glyphosate and metolachlor mineralization. In contrast, OSC caused an initial transient decrease in the size of the indigenous microbial population of water samples.