Limitations of the Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits for a receiving antenna

The limitations inherent in the Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits were not adequately examined, and this led to an investigation. It was observed that the Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits were useful in the reduction of the equivalent circuit for a transmitting-receiving antenna system to simpler networks that facilitate the evaluation of the received power. One finds that the calculated power dissipation within these equivalent circuits was often equated to the reradiated and scattered power from the receiving antenna. Although the calculations were not correct, the Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits can be used to find a reradiated electromagnetic field that was a part of the total field scattered by a receiving antenna.