Autosomal recessive lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia is associated with human RELN mutations

被引:619
作者
Hong, SE
Shugart, YY
Huang, DT
Shahwan, SA
Grant, PE
Hourihane, JOB
Martin, NDT
Walsh, CA [1 ]
机构
[1] Harvard Univ, Inst Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Neurol,Div Neurogenet, Boston, MA 02115 USA
[2] Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Inherited Dis Res, Baltimore, MD USA
[3] Riyadh Armed Forces Hosp, Dept Pediat, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
[4] Riyadh Armed Forces Hosp, Dept Neurosci, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
[5] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Radiol, Serv Neuroradiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA
[6] Kent & Canterbury Hosp, Dept Pediat, Canterbury, Kent, England
关键词
D O I
10.1038/79246
中图分类号
Q3 [遗传学];
学科分类号
071007 ; 090102 ;
摘要
Normal development of the cerebral cortex requires long-range migration of cortical neurons from proliferative regions deep in the brain. Lissencephaly ("smooth brain." from "lissos," meaning smooth, and "encephalos," meaning brain) is a severe developmental disorder in which neuronal migration is impaired, leading to a thickened cerebral cortex whose normally folded contour is simplified and smooth. Two identified lissencephaly genes(1-3) do not account for all known cases(4), and additional lissencephaly syndromes have been described(5). An autosomal recessive form of lissencephaly (LCH) associated with severe abnormalities of the cerebellum, hippocampus and brainstem maps to chromosome 7q22, and is associated with two independent mutations in the human gene encoding reelin (RELN). The mutations disrupt splicing of RELN cDNA, resulting in low or undetectable amounts of reelin protein. LCH parallels the reeler mouse mutant (Reln(rl)). in which Rein mutations cause cerebellar hypoplasia, abnormal cerebral cortical neuronal migration and abnormal axonal connectivity(6,7). RELN encodes a large (388 kD) secreted proteins that acts on migrating cortical neurons by binding to the very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), the apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2; refs 9-11), alpha 3 beta 1 integrin(12) and protocadherins(13). Although reelin was previously thought to function exclusively in brain, some humans with RELN mutations show abnormal neuromuscular connectivity and congenital lymphoedema, suggesting previously unsuspected functions for reelin in and outside of the brain.
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页码:93 / 96
页数:4
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