Fracture healing as a post-natal developmental process: Molecular, spatial, and temporal aspects of its regulation

被引:926
作者
Gerstenfeld, LC [1 ]
Cullinane, DM [1 ]
Barnes, GL [1 ]
Graves, DT [1 ]
Einhorn, TA [1 ]
机构
[1] Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Orthopaed Res Lab, Boston, MA 02118 USA
关键词
fracture healing; BMP; angiogenesis; inflammatory cytokines;
D O I
10.1002/jcb.10435
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Fracture healing is a specialized post-natal repair process that recapitulates aspects of embryological skeletal development. While many of the molecular mechanisms that control cellular differentiation and growth during embryogenesis recur during fracture healing, these processes take place in a post-natal environment that is unique and distinct from those which exist during embryogenesis. This Prospect Article will highlight a number of central biological processes that are believed to be crucial in the embryonic differentiation and growth of skeletal tissues and review the functional role of these processes during fracture healing. Specific aspects of fracture healing that will be considered in relation to embryological development are: (1) the anatomic structure of the fracture callus as it evolves during healing; (2) the origins of stem cells and morphogenetic signals that facilitate the repair process; (3) the role of the biomechanical environment in controlling cellular differentiation during repair; (4) the role of three key groups of soluble factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines, the TGF-beta superfamily, and angiogenic factors, during repair; and (5) the relationship of the genetic components that control bone mass and remodeling to the mechanisms that control skeletal tissue repair in response to fracture. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
引用
收藏
页码:873 / 884
页数:12
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