Robust Generation and Decoding of Morphogen Gradients

被引:61
作者
Barkai, Naama [1 ]
Shilo, Ben-Zion [1 ]
机构
[1] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Mol Genet, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel
来源
COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN BIOLOGY | 2009年 / 1卷 / 05期
基金
以色列科学基金会;
关键词
DROSOPHILA EMBRYO; BICOID PROTEIN; SONIC HEDGEHOG; COVALENT MODIFICATION; DYNAMICS; PATTERN; DPP; TRANSCRIPTION; PROPORTIONS; STABILITY;
D O I
10.1101/cshperspect.a001990
中图分类号
Q2 [细胞生物学];
学科分类号
071009 ; 090102 ;
摘要
Morphogen gradients play a key role in multiple differentiation processes. Both the formation of the gradient and its interpretation by the receiving cells need to occur at high precision to ensure reproducible patterning. This need for quantitative precision is challenged by fluctuations in the environmental conditions and by variations in the genetic makeup of the developing embryos. We discuss mechanisms that buffer morphogen profiles against variations in gene dosage. Self-enhanced morphogen degradation and pre-steady-state decoding provide general means for buffering the morphogen profile against fluctuations in morphogen production rate. A more specific "shuttling" mechanism, which establishes a sharp and robust activation profile of a widely expressed morphogen, and enables the adjustment of morphogen profile with embryo size, is also described. Finally, we consider the transformation of the smooth gradient profile into sharp borders of gene expression in the signal-receiving cells. The integration theory and experiments are increasingly used, providing key insights into the system-level functioning of the developmental system.
引用
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页数:15
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