The invertebrate fauna on broom, Cytisus scoparius, in two native and two exotic habitats

被引:120
作者
Memmott, J
Fowler, SV
Paynter, Q
Sheppard, AW
Syrett, P
机构
[1] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, NERC, Ctr Populat Biol, Leverhulme Unit, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England
[2] Int Inst Biol Control, Ascot SL5 7TA, Berks, England
[3] CSIRO, Int Inst Biol Control, F-34980 Montferrier Sur Lez, France
[4] CSIRO, Div Entomol, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
[5] Manaaki Whenua Landcare Res, Lincoln, New Zealand
来源
ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY | 2000年 / 21卷 / 03期
关键词
weed biological control; herbivore; broom; native plant; alien plant; food web;
D O I
10.1016/S1146-609X(00)00124-7
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
This study quantifies the invertebrate fauna found on broom. Cytisus scoparius, L. (Link), in two countries where it grows as a native plant (France and England) and two countries where it grows as an alien plant (New Zealand and Australia). The data are used to test three hypotheses concerning the predicted differences in invertebrate community structure in native versus exotic habitats (1)Are generalist phytophages dominant in exotic habitats and specialist phytophages dominant in native habitats? (2) Are there empty phytophage niches in exotic habitats? (3) As a plant species accumulates phytophages, do these in turn accumulate natural enemies? The broom fauna was sampled at five sites in each country by beating five broom bushes per site. The sampling efficiency of beating was quantified at one field site and it was shown to collect 87 % of invertebrate abundance, 95 % of invertebrate biomass and 100 % of phytophagous species found on the branches. Generalist phytophages were dominant on broom in exotic habitats and specialists dominant on broom in the native habitats. Thus, the two countries where broom grows as a native plant had higher numbers of total phytophage species and a higher abundance of specialist phytophages per bush. There was no significant difference in the average abundance of generalist phytophage species found per bush in native and alien habitats. Phytophages were assigned to seven feeding niches: suckers, root feeders, external chewers, flower feeders, seed feeders, miners and pollen feeders. Empty niches were found in the exotic habitats; species exploiting structurally specific parts of the host plant, such as flowers and seeds, were absent in the countries where broom grows as an alien plant. The pattern of niche occupancy was similar between native and exotic habitats when just the generalist phytophages were considered. As phytophage abundance and biomass increased, there were concomitant increases in natural enemy abundance and biomass. Thus, it appears that as plants accumulate phytophages, the phytophages in turn accumulate natural enemies and a food web develops around the plant. Moreover, in the native countries, the history of association between the natural enemies and their prey has been sufficient for specialist predators and parasitoids, feeding on the specialist phytophages, to have evolved. (C) 2000 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS.
引用
收藏
页码:213 / 222
页数:10
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