Impact of European Society of Cardiology American College of Cardiology guidelines on diagnostic classification of patients with suspected acute coronary syndromes

Background Assessment of the relative diagnostic accuracy of investigation strategies for patients with suspected acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Methods A prospective observational study followed two groups of patients over a 3-month period in a UK district general hospital. Group one: all admissions with suspected ACS (n = 576); group two: non-cardiac in-patients who were suspected of developing ACS (n = 87). Both were investigated by full clinical history, examination and serial electrocardiographs (ECGs). Conventional World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for myocardial damage were compared with diagnosis based on cardiac troponin T (cTnT). Clinical discharge diagnosis based on conventional WHO criteria was compared with the review diagnosis based on measurement of cTnT. Results Diagnosis based on WHO criteria missed 58 patients (8.7%) admitted with suspected ACS who had high risk unstable angina. Thirty-three patients (5% of all admissions) who were diagnosed as non-Q wave acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were found to have normal troponin values and to have been incorrectly classified as AMI. Conclusions Diagnostic strategies based on WHO criteria are inaccurate. The measurement of cTnT in all patients with suspected ACS would have increased the number of those with a diagnosis of AMI by 58 (8.7%), while avoiding inaccurate diagnosis in 33 (5%), therefore producing an absolute increase of 25/663 (3.8%) but a relative increase of 58/138 (42%). In patients with a primary diagnosis of suspected ACS, the overall increase in patients with a diagnosis of AMI will be 55 (9.5%), a relative increase of 55/118 (46.6%) but an absolute increase of 36/576 (6.3%).