Biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease: past, present and future

被引:53
作者
Gustaw-Rothenburg, Katarzyna [2 ,3 ]
Lerner, Alan [2 ,3 ,4 ]
Bonda, David J. [1 ]
Lee, Hyoung-gon [1 ]
Zhu, Xiongwei [1 ]
Perry, George [1 ,5 ,6 ]
Smith, Mark A. [1 ]
机构
[1] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Pathol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
[2] Case Western Reserve Univ, Case Med Ctr, Univ Hosp, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
[3] Case Western Reserve Univ, Univ Memory & Cognit Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
[4] Inst Agr Med, Dept Neurodegenerat Dis, PL-20095 Lublin, Poland
[5] Univ Texas San Antonio, UTSA Neurosci Inst, San Antonio, TX USA
[6] Univ Texas San Antonio, Coll Sci, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX USA
关键词
Alzheimer's disease; amyloid-beta; biomarker; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN; CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES; NEURONAL CELL-DEATH; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; TAU-PROTEIN; ABNORMAL PHOSPHORYLATION; MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION; TRANSGENIC MICE; BETA-PEPTIDE;
D O I
10.2217/BMM.09.86
中图分类号
R-3 [医学研究方法]; R3 [基础医学];
学科分类号
1001 ;
摘要
Epidemiological and molecular studies suggest that Alzheimer's disease (AD) has multiple etiologies including genetic mutations, genetic variations affecting susceptibility and environmental factors. These aspects can promote the formation and accumulation of insoluble amyloid-beta and hyperphosphorylated tau. Since the disease is multifactorial and clinical diagnosis is highly exclusive, the need for a sensitive, specific and reliable biomarker is crucial. The concept of a biomarker implies sensitivity and specificity relative to the condition being considered. For clinical practice, AD diagnosis has been based on adherence to clinical criteria such as the NINCDS/ADRDA and DSM-IV. A more recent set of diagnostic criteria proposed incorporates imaging findings into the diagnosis of AD. In this article, we consider the most studied candidates or group of candidates for AD biomarkers, including pathological processes and proteins (amyloid-beta, tau, oxidative stress, mitochondrial/metabolic changes and cell-cycle processes), or autoantibodies thereto, as well as genetic factors.
引用
收藏
页码:15 / 26
页数:12
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