IL-7-Regulated homeostatic maintenance of recent thymic emigrants in association with caspase-mediated cell proliferation and apoptotic cell death

Homeostasis of T cells is essential to the maintenance of the T cell pool and TCR diversity. In this study, mechanisms involved in the regulation of cytokine-mediated expansion of naive T cells in the absence of Ag, in particular the role of caspase activation and susceptibility to apoptosis of recent thymic emigrants (RTEs), were examined. Low level caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation was detected in proliferating IL-7-treated cells in the absence of cell death during the first days of culture. Caspase inhibitors suppressed IL-7-induced expansion of RTEs. Low level expression of CD95 and blocking Ab experiments indicated that this early caspase activation was CD95 independent. However, CD95 levels-subsequently became dramatically up-regulated on proliferating naive T cells, and these cells became susceptible to CD95 ligation, resulting in high level caspase activation and apoptotic cell death. These results show a dual role for caspases in proliferation and in CD95-induced cell death during Ag-independent expansion of RTEs. This method of cell death in IL-7-expanded RTEs is a previously unrecognized mechanism for the homeostatic control of expanded T cells.