Polyaniline: A polymer with many interesting intrinsic redox states

Due to its environmental stability, high degree of processability and interesting redox properties associated with its chain heteroatom, polyaniline (PANi) has been one of the most extensively studied electroactive (conductive) polymers during the past ten years. A number of fine reviews on the synthesis, physicochemical and electrochemical properties of the polymer have also appeared during this period. The ability of aniline polymers to exist in a large number of intrinsic redox states makes them a unique and interesting class of polymeric materials. The present review attempts for the first time to summarize the explicit and quantitative dealings with the various intrinsic oxidation states of PANi and its derivatives that have been made during the past decade. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd.