Dietary conjugated linoleic acid lowers plasma cholesterol during cholesterol supplementation, but accentuates the atherogenic lipid profile during the acute phase response in hamsters

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reportedly exerts anticarcinogenic and antiatherosclerotic effects in animals. To test the hypothesis that the putative antiatherosclerotic effect of CLA might derive from an anti-inflammatory or antioxidant action on lipoprotein metabolism, an acute phase response (APR) was elicited in hamsters while varying dietary cholesterol and vitamin E intakes in two experiments. The effect of CLA intake (to 1%) was examined with 0% (Experiment 1, 7 wk) and 0 or 0.3% (Experiment 2, 12 wk) cholesterol, at which point APR was induced. In hamsters not fed dietary cholesterol (Experiment 1), CLA exaggerated the rise in plasma and LDL cholesterol observed during the APR. When CLA was fed concurrently with cholesterol (Experiment 2), plasma and liver cholesterol were reduced up to 40% independent of the APR. In addition, CLA decreased body weight gain and adipose reserves in Experiment 1, but not in Experiment 2. Because CLA failed to attenuate APR and was not influenced by vitamin E status, an antioxidant/anti-inflammatory role was not apparent. However, the reduced burden on liver and lipoprotein cholesterol induced by CLA during cholesterol feeding, suggests that CLA curtailed cholesterol absorption, whereas the rise during APR suggests that CLA exaggerated the impaired clearance of plasma cholesterol associated with acute inflammation.