Synthesis and characterization of the first potent inhibitor of yapsin 1 - Implications for the study of yapsin-like enzymes

The potent peptidic inhibitor, Y1, of the basic residue-specific yeast aspartyl protease, yapsin 1, was synthesized and characterized. The inhibitor was based on the peptide sequence of a cholecystokinin(13-33) analog that yapsin 1 cleaved with an efficiency of 5.2 x 10(5) M-1 S-1 (Olsen, V., Guruprasad, K., Cawley, N. X., Chen, H. C., Blundell, T. L., and Loh, Y. P. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 2768-2777). The apparent K-i of Y1 for the inhibition of yapsin 1 was determined to be 64.5 nm, and the mechanism is competitive. Y2 was also developed as an analog of Y1 for coupling to agarose beads. The resulting inhibitor-coupled agarose beads were successfully used to purify yapsin I to apparent homogeneity from conditioned medium of a yeast expression system. Utilization of this new reagent greatly facilitates the purification of yapsin 1 and should also enable the identification of new yapsin-like enzymes from mammalian and nonmammalian sources. In this regard, Y1 also efficiently inhibited Sap9p, a secreted aspartyl protease from the human pathogen, Candida albicans, which has specificity for basic residues similar to yapsin 1 and might provide the basis for the prevention or control of its virulence. A single-step purification of Sap9p from conditioned medium was also accomplished with the inhibitor column. N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis yielded two sequences indicating that Sap9p is composed of two subunits, designated here as alpha and beta, similar to yapsin 1.