A comparison of tension headache sufferers and nonpain controls on the state-trait anger expression inventory: An exploratory study with implications for applied psychophysiologists

Studies that have examined the relationship between personality characteristics and tension headache have arrived at conflicting and, for the most part negative results. In. recent years, a number of investigators have begun examining the relationship between anger and psychophysiological disorders, focusing mostly on anger which is suppressed or held in rather than expressed behaviorally. The present study explored the relationship between anger in 59 tension headache subjects and compared their results to 33 nonpain cona-ols. Materials consisted of the revised research edition of the Spielberger State-Trait Anger-Expression Inventory. As predicted, tension headache sufferers were found to have significantly more anger held inward than nonpain controls. Implications for applied psychophysiology treatment and future research directions are discussed.