Effects of feeding supplemental organic iron to late gestation and early lactation dairy cows

The objectives of this experiment were to determine the Fe status of cows in late gestation and early lactation and determine whether measures of Fe status and milk production were affected by feeding supplemental organic Fe. Starting 60 d before anticipated calving, cows and heifers were fed diets with 0 or 30 mg/kg of supplemental Fe (Availa-Fe, Zinpro Corp., Eden Prairie, MN). All animals changed to prefresh diets at 14 d before anticipated calving and then to lactation diets following calving; the Fe supplementation rates (0 or 30 mg/kg) remained constant. The experiment ended at 63 d in milk. Hematocrit, hemoglobin, serum Fe, unsaturated Fe binding capacity, and percentage Fe binding saturation were measured at the start of the experiment, 7 d before calving, 7 d after calving, and at 60 d in milk. Treatment did not affect any measure of Fe status and values did not change greatly over time. Milk production (averaged 41 kg/d), milk composition, and dry matter intake during early lactation (averaged 20.4 kg/d) were not affected by treatment. The somatic cell count of milk was reduced when cows were fed supplemental Fe (114,000 vs. 94,000 cells/mL). The limited response to supplemental Fe may have been because basal diets were adequate in Fe (ranged from 282 to 336 mg of Fe/kg of DM) even though most of the basal dietary Fe was provided by forages, which are generally considered poor sources of available Fe.