An NCICCTG phase I/pharmacokinetic study of the matrix metalloproteinase and angiogenesis inhibitor BAY 12-9566 in combination with 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin

Background: This phase I study was performed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of the oral matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor BAY 12-9566 in combination with 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin in patients with advanced solid tumours, and to identify the maximum tolerated dose and the dose for use in future studies. Patients and methods: BAY 12-9566 and 5-fluorouracil/ leucovorin were administered to 17 patients in 3 cohorts. Each patient served as his/her own control, with 5-fluorouracil being given alone on days 1-5 of cycle 1. In cohort 1, BAY 12-9566 at 800 mg p.o. b.i.d. was given with 350 mg/m(2) 5-fluorouracil/20 mg/m(2) leucovorin x 5 days q28 days. In cohort 2, the BAY 12-9566 dose was reduced to 400 mg p.o. b.i.d., with the 5-fluorouracil/ leucovorin doses remaining unchanged. Finally, in cohort 3, BAY 12-9566 400 mg bid was given with 5-fluorouracil 400 mg/m(2)/day. Patients were continued on therapy until unacceptable toxicity or tumour progression occurred. Pharmacokinetic analyses for both BAY 12-9566 and 5-fluorouracil were performed. Results: The maximum tolerated dose was 400 mg p.o. b.i.d. BAY 12-9566 plus 5-fluorouracil/ leucovorin at 400 mg/m(2)/day and 20 mg/m(2)/day, respectively. Thrombocytopenia necessitated a decrease of the dose of BAY 12-9566 by 50% from cohort 1 to cohort 2. Two dose-limiting toxicities occurred in cohort 3 consisting of neutropenic fever, and ileitis, causing severe diarrhea. Of 17 patients treated on study, 7 of 14 patients evaluable for response achieved stable disease. Pharmacokinetic analysis suggested there was no interaction between BAY 12-9566 and 5-fluorouracil. Conclusions: BAY 12-9566 400 mg bid and 5-fluorouracil 350 mg/m(2) plus leucovorin 20 mg/m(2) can be co-administered. Although there is some evidence of a clinical interaction, there is no apparent pharmacokinetic interaction. Future studies with these 2 types of agents administered in combination are warranted.