Mixed convection within a porous heat generating horizontal annulus

A numerical investigation of mixed convection in a horizontal annulus filled with a uniform fluid-saturated porous medium in the presence of internal heat generation is carried out. The inner cylinder is heated while the outer cylinder is cooled. The forced flow is induced by the cold outer cylinder rotating at a constant angular velocity. The flow field is modeled using a generalized form of the momentum equation that accounts for the presence of porous medium viscous, Darcian and inertial effects. Discretization of the governing equations is achieved using a finite element scheme based on the Galerkin method of weighted residuals. Comparisons with previous works are performed and the results show excellent agreement. The effects of pertinent parameters such as the internal Rayleigh number, the Darcy number, the annulus gap, and the Richardson number on the flow and heat transfer characteristics are considered in the present study. The obtained results depict that the Richardson number plays a significant role on the heat transfer characterization within the annulus. The present results show that an increase in Reynolds number has a significant effect on the flow patterns within the annulus with respect to two-eddy, one-eddy and no-eddy flows. Categorization of the flow regimes according to the number of eddies is established on the Ra-Re plane for various Rayleigh numbers. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.