Relationship of physical activity and television watching with body weight and level of fatness among children - Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Context.-Physical inactivity contributes to weight gain in adults, but whether this relationship is true for children of different ethnic groups is not well established, Objective.-To assess participation in vigorous activity and television watching habits and their relationship to body weight and fatness in US children, Design.-Nationally representative cross-sectional survey with an in-person interview and medical examination, Setting and Participants.-Between 1988 and 1994, 4063 children aged 8 through 16 years were examined as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic blacks were oversampled to produce reliable estimates for these groups, Main Outcome Measures.-Episodes of weekly vigorous activity and daily hours of television watched, and their relationship to body mass index and body fatness. Results.-Eighty percent of US children reported performing 3 or more bouts of vigorous activity each week, This rate was lower in non-Hispanic black and Mexican American girls (69% and 73%, respectively). Twenty percent of US children participated in 2 or fewer bouts of vigorous activity per week, and the rate was higher in girls (26%) than in boys (17%), Overall, 26% of US children watched 4 or more hours of television per day and 67% watched at least 2 hours per day, Non-Hispanic black children had the highest rates of watching 4 or more hours of television per day (42%), Boys and girls who watch 4 or more hours of television each day had greater body fat (P<.001) and had a greater body mass index (P<.001) than those who watched less than 2 hours per day, Conclusions.-Many US children watch a great deal of television and are inadequately vigorously active. Vigorous activity levels are lowest among girls, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican Americans, Intervention strategies to promote lifelong physical activity among US children are needed to stem the adverse health consequences of inactivity.