Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies indicate a role for CCAAT enhancer binding proteins alpha and epsilon (C/EBPα and C/EBPε) and CDP/cut in myeloid maturation-induced lactoferrin gene expression

In vitro models of granulopolesis involving the inducible expression of either CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha) or C/EBPepsilon in myeloid cells have been shown to lead to the induction of a granulocytic maturation program accompanied by the expression of myeloid-specific genes. Since members of the C/EBP family of transcription factors recognize and bind to similar DNA-binding motifs, it has been difficult to elucidate the specific role of each of the C/EBP family members in eliciting myeloid gene expression. In order to address this issue, we focused on the expression of the lactoferrin (LF) gene. LF expression is transcriptionally regulated in a C/EBP-dependent manner in myeloid cells. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (Chip) analysis we demonstrate that C/EBPa binds to the LF promoter in nonexpressing cells. Upon induction of maturation, C/EBPepsilon binds to the LF promoter, which correlates With LF expression. Lack of LF expression in the acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line NB4, which harbors the t(15;17) translocation, cannot be correlated with aberrant binding at the C/EBP site in the LF promoter. It is, however, associated with the persistent binding of the silencer CCAAT displacement protein (CDP/cut) to the LF promoter in these cells. We conclude that C/EBPalpha, C/EBPepsilon, and CDP/cut all play definitive roles in regulating late gene expression during normal myeloid development. (C) 2003 by The American Society of Hematology.