Heart and blood pressure adaptations in Wistar rats fed with different high-fat diets for 18 months

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effect of long-term administration of four different high-fat diets,on systolic blood pressure (SBP), body and heart biometry, and left ventricular myocyte nuclei. number. (N[lvm]), METHODS: Twenty-four Wistar rats were assigned to one of four groups' from weaning to age 18 mo. The rats were fed experimental diets containing soybean oil (S group); canola oil (CA group), lard arid egg-yolk (LE group), and canola oil plus lard and egg yolk (CA + LE group). N(lvm) was measured with the disector method in isotropic uniform random sections of the left ventricular myocardium. RESULTS: There were no significant differences across experimental groups in morphometric indices.. SBP was higher in the LE group at all ages and lower in the 18-mo CA group. The myocardium structure analysis separated the animals in three major categories: the CA and LE groups as the extreme and the S and CA + LE groups as the intermediary. In the LE group the myocardium presented more important, structural changes: cardiac myocytes were enlarged and surrounded with thick collagen bundles, and, some-regions exhibited myocardial necrosis. CONCLUSION: Long-term intake of the CA diet was more efficient in maintaining normal N(lvm) and SBP,.. than the S and LE diets. The CA + LE diet resulted in balanced levels of SBP and N(lvm) in rats, suggesting that canola oil reduces cardiovascular injury caused by intake of laid and egg yolk. (C) Elsevier Science Inc. 2003.