Endoscopic ultrasonography in rectal linitis plastica

Background: Rectal linitis plastica (RLP) is a rare tumor with a poor prognosis. RLP can be a primary tumor, secondary to gastric linitis, or a metastatic form of breast or prostate carcinoma. Diagnosis is difficult because of nonspecific clinical and endoscopic findings and frequent negative biopsies (50%). The aim of this study was to evaluate the endosonographic appearance of RLP and to study the usefulness of endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) in the follow-up of patients with RLP. Methods: Twenty-two video-recorded EUS examinations performed in 11 patients with histologically proven RLP were retrospectively studied. Response to conservative treatment was evaluated in three patients with secondary RLP. Results: In every case of RLP, EUS showed a circumferential thickening of the rectal wall (mean 13 mm); the thickening was mainly seen in the submucosa and the muscularis propria. In nine cases EUS showed signs of locoregional involvement (perirectal fat infiltration [n = 6], ascites [n = 5], lymph nodes [n = 3]) which was not seen by CT. In follow-up evaluations, EUS showed a lack of response to treatment in two patients with RLP secondary to gastric linitis. In the remaining patient with RLP secondary to breast carcinoma, EUS at first showed no response. The chemotherapy protocol was modified, and then improvement became evident at EUS. Conclusions: RLP shows typical features of rectal EUS that may assist in the diagnosis of this rare disease. Moreover, EUS can be useful in evaluating the response of this disease to treatment.