Enzymatic biofuel cells for Implantable and microscale devices

This review covers enzymatic biofuel cells as they apply to microscale devices. These cells demonstrate reduced stability because of the limited lifetime of extracellular enzymes and are unable to fully oxidize fuels, but they allow for substantial concentration of catalysts and removal of mass-transfer barriers. Thus, enzymatic biofuel cells produce higher current and power densities, approaching the range of applicability to micro- and miniscale electronics applications.