Chemoresistance of Plasmodium falciparum in urban Yaounde (Cameroon).: Part Two:: Evaluation of the efficacy of amodiaquine and a combined sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine preparation for the treatment of simple malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum in Yaounde (Cameroon)

The spread of chloroquine resistance or its stabilization at a high level calls for a change in the therapeutic strategy, including a possible replacement of chloroquine. We assessed and compared the efficacy of amodiaquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in Yaounde. Of 140 adults and children > 5 years enrolled in the study, 59 in the amodiaquine and 58 in the sulfadoxine-pyrimethamines treatment group were followed until day 14. The efficacy of amodiaquine was 100%, whereas 12.1% of the patients treated with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine responded with an early treatment failure. Side effects in Both treatment groups were mild and did not require any specific treatment. We did in vitro drug assays for monodesethylamodiaquine (active metabolite of amodiaquine) and pyrimethamine and measured plasma levels of monodesethylamodiaquine, sulfadoxine, and pyrimethamine. Unlike amodiaquine, the results of the in vitro drug sensitivity rest for pyrimethamine were not concordant with the clinical response. A wide inter-individual variation in the plasma drug levels was observed. Unlike chloroquine, the mean plasma concentrations did not vary with age. There was no significant difference in the plasma concentrations of sulfadosine and pyrimethamine between patients responding with an adequate clinical response and those responding with treatment failure. Amodiaquine has several advantages over sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine combination and may be considered to be an effective drug in an endemic zone with a moderate level of chloroquine resistance.