Melphalan-induced up-regulation of B7-1 surface expression on normal splenic B cells

We have previously shown that exposure of MOPC-315 or P815 tumor cells to the widely used anticancer drug melphalan (L-PAM, L-phenylalanine mustard) leads to rapid up-regulation of B7-1 surface expression. Since B7-1-expressing tumor cells depend on B7-expressing host antigen presenting cells (APC) for the generation of CD8(+) T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity, and since L-PAM promotes the acquisition of tumor-eradicating immunity by CD8+ T-cells from MOPC-315 tumor bearers, the current studies were undertaken to determine if L-PAM also up-regulates B7-1 expression on host APC. Here we show that exposure of normal spleen cells to L-PAM leads within 24 h to upregulated B7-1 expression on B220(+) cells (B cells). Studies into the mechanism through which L-PAM leads to up-regulated B7-1 expression revealed that within 2 h after exposure of normal spleen cells to L-PAM, accumulation of B7-1 mRNA is evident and this accumulation requires de novo RNA synthesis, indicating that the regulation is at the transcriptional level. The LPAM-induced accumulation of B7-1 mRNA was prevented with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), indicating that reactive oxygen species are important for the transcriptional regulation. Although AP-1 and NF-kappaB are considered redox-sensitive transcription factors, L-PAM led only to activation of NF-kappaB that bound specifically to a probe containing the corresponding binding site in the B7-1 gene. Moreover, selective inhibition of NF-kappaB activation prevented the L-PAM-induced B7-1 mRNA accumulation, indicating that NF-kappaB activation is essential for L-PAM-induced B7-1 gene expression in normal spleen cells. Finally, in vivo administration of an immunopotentiating dose of L-PAM to normal mice was found to up-regulate B7-1 mRNA expression in their spleens. Thus, the ability of L-PAM to up-regulate B7-1 expression not only on tumor cells but also on host cells may contribute to the potentiating activity of L-PAM for the acquisition of CD8(+) T-cell-mediated tumor-eradicating immunity in tumor bearers.