Expression of platelet P-selectin and detection of soluble P-selectin, NPY and RANTES in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Objective and Design: P-selectin, a membrane glycoprotein which is expressed on activated platelets and endothelial cells, plays a crucial role in the inflammatory response. The main action is adhesion of leukocytes, facilitation of diapedesis and induction of cytokine production from monocytes (MCP-1 and IL-8), mediated via RANTES released from activated platelets. An abnormal platelet activity has been reported in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), jointly referred to as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which could have an aggravating influence on the inflammatory response. In addition, an upregulation of platelet IL receptors among patients with IBD has been reported. To reveal a presumptuous platelet dysfunction we analysed the expression of platelet surface P-selectin at resting state and after stimulation with thrombin, collagen, epinephrine and interleukin 8 (IL-8), and plasma levels of soluble P-selectin, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and RANTES in patients with IBD. Subjects: Blood from twelve healthy subjects (control group) and twenty-one patients with IBD who had not taken any anti-platelet drugs or steroids were analysed. Methods. Patients were sub-grouped according to disease entity, disease activity and 5ASA medication. Surface P-selectin expression on isolated human platelets and plasma P-selectin, NPY and RANTES were analysed with ELISA. All values are presented as mean +/- standard error of the mean (SEM). Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon matched rank test were used for statistical analyses. Results: Patients with IBD in remission (n = 9) had higher basal P-selectin expression, 0.38 +/- 0.04, compared to the control group (n = 12), 0.22 +/- 0.03, p < 0.01. UC patients (n = 16) showed down-regulation of P-selectin expression after stimulation with IL-8, 0.26 +/- 0.03 to 0.22 +/- 0.021 p < 0.05. No significant differences could be observed concerning soluble P-selectin and NPY in plasma. Patients with 5ASA (n = 12) had lower levels of plasma RANTES, 2.39 +/- 0.06 mu g/l, compared to the control group (n = 12), 3.29 +/- 0.19 mu g/l, p < 0.01, and patients without 5ASA (n = 9), 2.90 +/- 0.17 mu g/l, p < 0.05. Conclusions: Patients with IBD in remission have higher basal platelet surface P-selectin expression, An exaggerated platelet activity with increased expression of platelet P-selectin and release of inflammatory mediators such as RANTES, which is chemotactic and induce chemokine production, could have a reinforcing and aggravating influence on the inflammatory response and increase the susceptibility to IBD. In addition IL-8 has a down-regulating effect on platelet surface P-selectin expression and 5ASA medication seems to lower plasma RANTES. If 5ASA is responsible for lowering the concentration of RANTES this could be one of the beneficial outcomes of 5ASA medication.