Tyrosinase gene analysis in Japanese patients with oculocutaneous albinism

Background: Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a heterogeneous congenital disorder. Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis, and tyrosinase gene mutations cause the OCA1 subtype. Objective: This study was intended evaluate the frequency and details of tyrosinase gene mutations in Japanese OCA patients. Patients and methods: We examined nine non-consanguineous OCA families, sequenced the tyrosinase gene of the patients and also confirmed a splicing site mutation using exon trapping system. Results: Tyrosinase gene mutations were identified in five out of nine OCA families (55%). IVS2-10deltt-7t-a was present in 3 out of 18 alleles in three families (16%), P310insC was present in three alleles in three families (16%) and R278X was found in three alleles (16%), including those in one heterozygous and one compound homozygous patient. G97V (290 G-T) was found in 1 out of 18 alleles, and we could not find G97V in the mutation database. We have added this mutation as 9th mutation of Japanese OCA1 patients. In 8 of 18 alleles, four families, no tyrosinase mutations were identified. They were presumed not to be OCA1, but other subtypes of OCA. Exon trapping system demonstrated IVS2-10deltt-7t-a mutation generated the abnormal splicing site, and inserted the codon 4 bases in mRNA level resulting in premature termination codon downstream. Conclusion: This study provided new information about OCA1 mutations, and highlights the requirement of broader detailed search to make precise diagnosis of OCA. (C) 2004 Japanese Society for Investigative Dermatology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.