Heavy metal levels in marine sediments of Singapore

Marine environmental levels of the metals copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were measured from sediments collected around 20 coastal locations around Singapore, over a 2-year period. Sediment-size analysis was conducted on sediment samples, and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry was used in the analyses of sediment heavy metal concentrations. The levels of heavy metals in marine sediment was largely dependant on sediment particle size, as illustrated by the correlation of sediment size with Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) configurations of sediment metal concentrations. In addition, the proximity to shipping activity, and the release of anti-fouling paint from boats also influence heavy metal concentrations in marine sediments of Singapore.