Effects of very long chain versus long chain triglycerides on gastrointestinal motility and hormone release in humans

Fish oil (a very long chain triglycerides, VLCT) has received much attention because of its favorable metabolic properties; however, its effect on gastrointestinal function has not been studied. We investigated the effects of intraduodenally administered VLCT on gut-hormone release [cholecystokinin (CCK), neurotensin, peptide YY (PYY)], gallbladder emptying, antroduodenal motility, and small bowel transit time (SBTT) in comparison to intraduodenal administration of saline and long Chain triglycerides (LCT, corn oil) in nine healthy volunteers. Gallbladder contraction duration was significantly shorter after VLCT than after LCT (138 +/- 16 min vs 233 +/- 38 min, P < 0.05). Both fats induced a fed motility pattern, while SBTT was not significantly altered. CCK secretion was significantly reduced after VLCT compared to LCT (36 +/- 12 pM X 120 min vs 78 +/- 15 pM X 120 min, P < 0.05), whereas PYY and neurotensin release were not significantly different. In conclusion, effects of triglycerides on CCK and gallbladder motility appear to be chain-length dependent, in contrast to the effects on distal gut-hormone release and intestinal motility and transit, which appear to be chain-length independent.