Are the economics of pharmaceutical research and development changing? Productivity, patents and political pressures

被引:53
作者
Grabowski, H [1 ]
机构
[1] Duke Univ, Dept Econ, Durham, NC 27708 USA
关键词
D O I
10.2165/00019053-200422002-00003
中图分类号
F [经济];
学科分类号
02 ;
摘要
Pharmaceutical research and development (R&D) competition in the 1980s and 1990s was characterised by rising R&D expenditures, favourable returns to innovators and the introduction of many new classes of drugs with high social benefits. However, in the past 3 years, the number of new drug introductions has been well below the historical trend, while the cost per new drug continues to increase. In addition to lagging R&D productivity, the industry has been characterised by other economic and policy uncertainties. These include a wave of early patent challenges and growing political pressure to contain pharmaceutical expenditures. This paper examines the consequences of these developments.
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页码:15 / 24
页数:10
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