Changes in asymbiotic, heterotrophic nitrogen fixation on leaf litter of Metrosideros polymorpha with long-term ecosystem development in Hawaii

被引:84
作者
Crews, TE [1 ]
Farrington, H [1 ]
Vitousek, PM [1 ]
机构
[1] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
关键词
asymbiotic nitrogen fixation; chronosequence; lithophilic nutrients; soil development;
D O I
10.1007/s100210000034
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
We measured nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction) of asymbiotic, heterotrophic, nitrogen-fixing bacteria on leaf litter from the tree Metrosideros polymorpha collected from six sites on the Hawaiian archipelago. At all sites M. polymorpha was the dominant tree, and its litter was the most abundant on the forest floor. The sites spanned a soil chronosequence of 300 to 4.1 million y. We estimated potential nitrogen fixation associated with this leaf litter to be highest at the youngest site (1.25 kg ha(-1) y(-1)), declining to between 0.05 and 0.22 kg ha(-1) y(-1) at the oldest four sites on the chronosequence. To investigate how the availability of weathered elements influences N fixation rates at different stages of soil development, we sampled M. polymorpha leaf litter from complete, factorial fertilization experiments located at the 300-y, 20,000-y and 4.1 million-y sites. At the youngest and oldest sites, nitrogenase activity on leaf litter increased significantly in the plots fertilized with phosphorus and "total" (all nutrients except N and P); no significant increases in nitrogenase activity were measured in leaf litter from treatments at the middle-aged site. The results suggest that the highest rates of N fixation are sustained during the "building" or early phase of ecosystem development when N is accumulating and inputs of geologically cycled (lithophilic) nutrients from weathering are substantial.
引用
收藏
页码:386 / 395
页数:10
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