Adiponectin and pro-inflammatory cytokines are modulated in Vietnamese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Aims/Introduction: Adipose tissue-derived hormones are associated with metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present study investigated the levels of adiponectin and pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and IL-10 in Vietnamese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and their correlations with clinical parameters of overweight and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: Based on body mass index, 73 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were categorized either as overweight or non-overweight. As healthy controls, 57 overweight and non-overweight individuals without type 2 diabetes mellitus were included. The adiponectin, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-10 levels were measured in the sera samples in all study participants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and were correlated with clinical parameters. Results: The adiponectin levels were lower in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2.5 +/- 1.5 mu g/mL) compared with controls (16 +/- 18.6 mu g/mL; P < 0.0001), and were decreased in overweight individuals compared with those who were not overweight. The TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta levels were increased, whereas the IL-10 levels were decreased in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and in overweight controls compared with non-overweight controls (P < 0.0001). The adiponectin levels were correlated with the TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-10 levels, and the clinical parameters of overweight and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance indexes were correlated with the relative ratios of adiponectin/TNF-alpha, adiponectin/IL-1 beta, adiponectin/IL-10, TNF-alpha/IL-10 and IL-1/beta IL-10. Conclusions: Adiponectin and pro-inflammatory cytokines are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and might serve as a prognostic marker and a therapeutic intervention for overweight-related type 2 diabetes mellitus.