Self-reported factors that affect glycemic control in college students with type 1 diabetes

PURPOSE This study examined the self-reported impact of different factors on the overall diabetes care of college students with type 1 diabetes. METHODS An 18-item questionnaire was mailed to 164 students with type I diabetes attending college away from home; results from 42 students fulfilled study criteria and were analyzed. Metabolic control was assessed by relative changes in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) levels from medical records. RESULTS HbA(1c) levels did not change significantly between high school and college, yet most college students reported that diabetes was more difficult to manage in college. Commonly reported barriers to diabetes control included diet, irregular schedules, lack of parental involvement, peer pressure, drugs and alcohol, lear of hypoglycemia, and finances. Factors identified as responsibility, increased frequency of blood glucose testing, exercise, contact with healthcare providers, fear of hyperglycemia, and knowledge of the results of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Many Students reported testing their blood move frequently and taking more injections than in high school most were on intensive insulin regimens. CONCLUSIONS Despite the perception that diabetes management was more difficult in college, metabolic control was maintained during college, possibly due to a more intensive treatment approach.