Integrating concepts from goal theories to understand the achievement of personal goals

The aim of this research was to integrate concepts from goal theories to understand the factors that distinguish between successful versus unsuccessful achievement of a personal goal. In two studies participants completed a questionnaire that measured 17 constructs identified from research on goals in relation to a recent situation in which they either succeeded or failed to see a task through to the end (Study 1) or in relation to their performance on an undergraduate course (Study 2). Factor analyses of the responses revealed 12 factors underlying self-regulatory efforts. Discriminant analysis showed that self-regulatory success was associated with high levels of motivation and task-focus, and with forming an implementation intention. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.