Drying characteristics of the hazelnut

Equilibrium moisture content isotherms for Spanish hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) at different temperatures (30 degrees C-80 degrees C) were determined using static gravimetric method. Thin layer drying experiments were done with forced air circulation and were conducted with different operating conditions to determine the drying characteristics of hazelnuts. The effect of air temperature (30 degrees C-70 degrees C), air velocity (0.5 m/s - 2 m/s) and drying bed loading density (50 kg/m(2) - 150 kg/m(2)) on drying of unshelled and shelled hazelnuts was studied. Six mathematical models were used to fit the experimental equilibrium moisture content data, from which the G.A.B. model was found to give the best fit. Diffusion coefficients were determined by fitting experimental thin-layer drying curves to the Fick's diffusion model. Variation of the effective diffusion coefficient with temperature was of the Arrhenius type. The Page equation was found to describe adequately the thin layer drying of hazelnut. Page equation drying parameters k and n were correlated with air temperature and relative humidity.