Sunitinib: A VEGF and PDGF receptor protein kinase and angiogenesis inhibitor

Sunitinib (SU-11248, Sutent) inhibits at least eight receptor protein-tyrosine kinases including vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1-3 (VEGFR1-VEGFR3), platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR alpha and PDGFR beta), stem cell factor receptor (Kit), Flt-3, and colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R). VEGFR I and VEGFR2 play key roles in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. PDGFR beta, which is found in pericytes that surround capillary endothelial cells, plays a pivotal role in stabilizing the vascular endothelium. Sunitinib inhibits angiogenesis by diminishing signaling through VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and PDGFR beta. Renal cell cancers that have metastasized, or spread from the primary tumor, exhibit extensive vascularity, and sunitinib is approved for the treatment of these neoplasms. Activating Kit mutations occur in about 85% of gastrointestinal stromal tumors and activating PDGFR alpha mutations occur in about 5% of these tumors. Sunitinib is approved for the treatment of those tumors that are resistant to imatinib (STI-571, Gleevec), another Kit and PDGFR alpha protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Both sunitinib and imatinib bind reversibly to the ATP binding site of their target kinases and thereby inhibit their catalytic activity. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.