Insights from older adults with type 2 diabetes: Making dietary and exercise changes

PURPOSE the purpose of this research was to identify factors that affect the nutrition and exercise behaviors of persons over the age of 55 with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Focus groups were conducted using a validated focus group interview guide to determine primary health concerns and health behaviors, favored learning modalities, barriers to learning, food preferences, and exercise preferences. RESULTS The following major themes and subthemes were identified. some risk factors for diabetes and heart disease seem more salient than others; perceived susceptibility for serious outcomes of diabetes can occur through vicarious learning; willpower, often obtained through a belief in God, is necessary for successful behavior change; effective modification of behavior and building self-efficacy starts with small steps; and intrinsic reinforcement is necessary for behavior change. CONCLUSIONS These data were used to identify strategies and messages to enhance adherence to nutrition and activity recommendations for persons with type 2 diabetes and accompanying cardiovascular risk factors.