Fluoride based electrode materials for advanced energy storage devices

Energy storage and conversion have become a prime area of research to address both the societal concerns regarding the environment and pragmatic applications such as the powering of an ever increasing cadre of portable electronic devices. This paper reviews the use of fluoride based electrode materials in energy storage devices. The majority of the energy storage and conversion applications for fluorine based materials resides in present and future lithium battery chemistries. The use of fluorides either as coatings or in the formation of oxyfluorides has resulted in a marked increase of the stability and morphological development of electrodes for use in nonaqueous lithium and lithium-ion batteries. Pure fluorides, despite their intrinsic insulative properties, have demonstrated the capability to exhibit exceptional energy densities and have the potential to open the door to future high energy lithium battery technology. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.