Intensive field survey of aerosol and gas concentrations with 6-H interval sampling in winter in Japan

We intensively surveyed the concentrations of chemical species in aerosols and gases using a four-stage filter-pack method at a site in Japan facing the Sea of Japan in winter with 6-h sample intervals. A few chloride species emitted anthropogenically were detected, and the HCl (g) concentration was quite low. The number of chloride species artifacts was also low. The HNO3 (g) concentration was significantly higher when the monitored air mass passed over the Korean Peninsula compared to when it did not pass over the Korean Peninsula. In addition, the HNO3 (g) concentration was significantly higher when the air mass arrived at the monitoring site by passing the route at lower latitude than the latitude of the monitoring site. On the other hand, the SO2 (g) concentration showed no change between various trajectories of the air mass. The NH4+ (p)/non-seasalt- (nss-) SO42- (p) ratio was intermediate between the compositions of (NH4)(2)SO4 and NH4HSO4 when the air mass passed over the Korean Peninsula, whereas it was intermediate between NH4HSO4 and H2SO4 when the air mass did not pass over the Korean Peninsula. We detected the transboundary transport of sulfur dioxide with high time-resolution monitoring at two separate monitoring points: the current monitoring site and Oki Island.