Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in the cornea. Pathogenesis, clinical implications and treatment options

Background. Whereas the normal cornea is devoid of blood and lymphatic vessels, both can invade the cornea secondary to a variety of corneal diseases and after surgery. This not only reduces visual acuity, but also renders such a cornea high-risk, if subsequent corneal transplantation is performed. Methods. A PUBMED-based literature search was carried out. Results. Current knowledge on pathogenesis, clinical implications and treatment modalities for corneal neovascularization is discussed. Conclusions. Novel anti-angiogenic and anti-lymphangiogenic therapeutic strategies should reduce blindness associated with corneal neovascularization and subsequent graft rejection.