An amperometric glucose-oxidase/poly(o-phenylenediamine) biosensor for monitoring brain extracellular glucose:: in vivo characterisation in the striatum of freely-moving rats

Amperometric glucose biosensors based on the immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) on PI electrodes with electropolymerized o-phenylenediamine (PPD) were implanted in the right striatum of freely-moving rats. Carbon paste electrodes for the simultaneous monitoring of ascorbic acid (AA) and/or tissue O-2 were implanted in the left striatum. A detailed in vivo characterization of the Pt/PPD/GOx signal was carried out using various pharmacological manipulations. Confirmation that the biosensor responded to changing glucose levels in brain extracellular fluid (ECF) was obtained by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of insulin that caused a decrease in the Pt/PPD/GOx current, and local administion of glucose (1 mM) via an adjacent microdialysis probe that resulted in an increase in the biosensor current. An insulin induced increase in tissue O-2 in the brain was also observed. Interference studies involved administering AA and subanaesthetic doses of ketamine i.p. Both resulted in increased extracellular AA levels with ketamine also causing an increase in O-2. No significant change in the Pt/PPD/GOx current was observed in either case indicating that changes in O-2 and AA, the principal endogenous interferents, have minimal effect on the response of these first generation biosensors. Stability tests over a successive 5-day period revealed no significant change insensitivity. These in vivo results suggest reliable glucose monitoring in brain ECF. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.