The bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, tetrandine and fangchinoline, enhance the cytotoxicity of multidrug resistance-related drugs via modulation of P-glycoprotein

The occurrence of resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs is a major problem for successful cancer treatment and reducing drug accumulation by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is one of the major mechanisms of multidrug resistance (MDR). The present study was performed to evaluate the MDR-reversal abilities of two bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, tetrandine (TET) and fangchinoline (FAN), compared with verapamil (VER), a well-known P-gp modulator. TET (3.0 mu M), FAN (3.0 mu M) and VER (10.0 mu M) reduced the paclitaxel (TAX) concentration required to achieve 50% inhibition of cell growth (EC50) to HCT15 (P-gp-positive) cells about 3100-, 1900- and 410-fold, and these compounds also reduced the EC50 value of actinomycin D (AMD) about 36.0-, 45.9- and 18.2-fold in the cells, respectively. Meanwhile, TET, FAN and VER had no effect on the cytotoxicity of the drugs to SK-OV-3 (P-gp-negative) cells. On the other hand, TET (3.0 mu M), FAN (3.0 mu M) and VER (10.0 mu M) similarly enhanced the accumulation rates of rhodamine 123, a well known P-gp substrate, in HCT15 cells (200-250%). After efflux for 2 h with fresh medium, TET and FAN also enhanced the residual rate of rhodamine 123 about 5.0- and 2.6-fold in comparison with control, respectively. TET, FAN and VER could not affect the accumulation and residual rate of rhodamine 123 in SKOV-3 cells. From the result, we conclude that TET and FAN enhanced the cytotoxicity of MDR-related drugs via modulation of P-gp. [(C) 1998 Rapid Science Ltd.].