Cardiovascular effects of noradrenaline microinjection in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis of the rat brain

The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) is a limbic structure involved in regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as well as in central cardiovascular control. We report here on cardiovascular effects caused by microinjection of noradrenaline (NA) in the BST of the rat brain and the peripheral mechanisms involved in their mediation. Injection of NA (3, 7, 10, 15, 30, or 45 nmol in 100 nl) in the BST of unanesthetized rats caused long-lasting dose-related pressor and bradycardiac responses. No responses were observed when the dose of 10 nmol NA was microinjected into surrounding structures, such as the anterior commissure, the stria terminalis, the fornix, and the internal capsule, indicating a predominant action at the BST Additionally, microinjection of 50 nmol tyramine, an indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine, caused similar pressor response, indicating local NA release in the BST Responses to NA microinjection in the BST were markedly reduced in urethane-anesthetized rats, favoring the idea of a central action without significant leakage to the peripheral circulation. The pressor response was potentiated by i.v. pretreatment with the ganglion blocker pentolinium and blocked by i.v. pretreatment with the selective V-1-vasopressin antagonist dTyr(CH2)(5)(Me)AVP, suggesting its mediation by vasopressin release into circulation. The bradycardiac response to NA microinjected into the BST was also abolished by pretreatment with the vasopressin antagonist, indicating its reflex origin. In conclusion, results indicate that microinjection of NA into the BST evokes pressor responses, which are mediated by acute vasopressin release. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.