The second release of Thermodynamic Database for Nucleic Acids, NTDB 2.0, includes more than 4600 entries ( 250% increase over release 1.0). It contains sequence types and details of several thermodynamic parameters ( enthalpy, DeltaH; entropy, DeltaH; Gibbs free energy, DeltaH; melting temperature, T-m), experimental models and methods for extracting thermodynamic parameters, buffer conditions as well as all relevant literature information. I addition, the database statistics and references related to NTDB are included. Information on normal and modified nucleobases and nucleosides are collected in a new section Nucleoside whereby data collected thus far will be release in NTDB 2.0. The NTDB is freely available at http: / / ntdb. chem. cuhk. edu. hk.