A review of the molecular evidence for ballast water introduction of the toxic dinoflagellates Gymnodinium catenatum and the Alexandrium "tamarensis complex" to Australasia

被引:123
作者
Bolch, Christopher J. S.
de Salas, Miguel F.
机构
[1] Univ Tasmania, Sch Aquaculture, Launceston, Tas 7250, Australia
[2] Univ Tasmania, Sch Plant Sci, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia
关键词
harmful algae; dinoflagellate; Alexandrium; Gymnodinium catenatum; ballast water; RAPD-PCR; rDNA; ITS; single nucleotide; polymorphism; global dispersal; evolution; palaeogeography;
D O I
10.1016/j.hal.2006.12.008
中图分类号
Q17 [水生生物学];
学科分类号
071004 ;
摘要
The potential of ballast water to act as a major introduction vector for toxic dinoflagellates and other phytoplankton is beyond doubt; however, evidence that links the suspected introduced species with a source population is less convincing, especially without supporting historical and biochemical data, or consideration of palaeobiogeographical scenarios that may explain current species distributions. This paper presents new molecular data based on LSU-rDNA and rDNA-ITS sequences that demonstrate an unequivocal and recent link between Temperate Asian and Australasian populations of the toxic dinoflagellates Gymnodinium catenatum and toxic strains of the Alcxandrium "tamarensis complex". We integrate our data with supporting evidence from historical distribution records, sediment dating studies, toxin profiles, mating studies and previous molecular studies. We contrast the observed patterns of genetic and biochemical variation with those expected from various palaeobiogeographical scenarios explaining the evolution and natural dispersal of both species. While definitive proof is impossible, the total evidence indicates that these toxic dinoflagellates were introduced to Australasia during the past 100 years, most probably via ballast water from bulk-cargo shipping from Japan and/or south-east Asia. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:465 / 485
页数:21
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