Transient cerebral ischemia induces delayed proapoptotic Bad translocation to mitochondria in CA1 sector of hippocampus

Delayed ischemic brain damage is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, but the underlying mechanisms are not known in detail. Recent data suggest that the process is associated with multidirectional changes in the activities of various proteins located in mitochondria. Of these, the stress-activated kinase JNK is delay-activated postischemia. We induced 5 min cerebral ischemia in gerbils followed by 3, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of reperfusion. Here we show the postischemic translocation of proapoptotic protein Bad to mitochondria. Immunoelectron microscopic examination revealed the co-appearance of Bad and Bcl-2 proteins in postischernic mitochondria in ischemia-vulnerable CA1 sector of hippocampus as opposed to the ischemia-resistant DG region. Mitochondrial increase of Bad protein is coincident with a transient decrease of the active, phosphorylated form of prosurvival kinase, Raf-1, under conditions of long reperfusion. The above demonstrated sequence of events is likely to play a role in delayed postischernic nerve cell death. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.