Microarray analysis of allergic fungal sinusitis and eosinophilic mucin rhinosinusitis

OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to determine and compare the differential gene expression in allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) and eosinophilic mucin rhinosinusitis (EMRS). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a complementary DNA microarray analysis of prospectively gathered tissue from a tertiary rhinology practice. RESULTS: Compared to normal subjects, 38 genes or potential genes were differentially expressed in AFS patients, while 10 genes were differentially expressed in EMRS patients. Four genes differentially expressed in EMRS were not differentially expressed in AFS: cathepsin B, sialyltransferase 1, GM2 ganglioside activator protein, and S 100 calcium binding protein. These genes mediate lysosomal activity and are known to have differential expression in inflammatory and neoplastic states. CONCLUSIONS: EMRS and AFS show some similarities in gene expression profiles using microarray analysis. Significant differences in gene expression in both EMRS and AFS patients compared with normal subjects provide early clues to the pathophysiology of EMRS and AFS. SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates that complementary DNA microarray analysis is a feasible tool for studying different disease subclassifications and is the first to study these subclasses in chronic rhinosinusitis. (C) 2007 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.