An Environment-Wide Association Study (EWAS) on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

被引:411
作者
Patel, Chirag J. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Bhattacharya, Jayanta [4 ]
Butte, Atul J. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat & Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
[2] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford Ctr Biomed Informat Res, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
[3] Lucile Packard Childrens Hosp, Palo Alto, CA USA
[4] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Primary Care & Outcomes Res, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
关键词
PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; RISK-FACTORS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI; BETA-CAROTENE; PREVALENCE; EXPOSURE;
D O I
10.1371/journal.pone.0010746
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
070301 [无机化学]; 070403 [天体物理学]; 070507 [自然资源与国土空间规划学]; 090105 [作物生产系统与生态工程];
摘要
Background: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and other chronic diseases are caused by a complex combination of many genetic and environmental factors. Few methods are available to comprehensively associate specific physical environmental factors with disease. We conducted a pilot Environmental-Wide Association Study (EWAS), in which epidemiological data are comprehensively and systematically interpreted in a manner analogous to a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS). Methods and Findings: We performed multiple cross-sectional analyses associating 266 unique environmental factors with clinical status for T2D defined by fasting blood sugar (FBG) concentration >= 126 mg/dL. We utilized available Centers for Disease Control (CDC) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cohorts from years 1999 to 2006. Within cohort sample numbers ranged from 503 to 3,318. Logistic regression models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), ethnicity, and an estimate of socioeconomic status (SES). As in GWAS, multiple comparisons were controlled and significant findings were validated with other cohorts. We discovered significant associations for the pesticide-derivative heptachlor epoxide (adjusted OR in three combined cohorts of 1.7 for a 1 SD change in exposure amount; p<0.001), and the vitamin c-tocopherol (adjusted OR 1.5; p<0.001). Higher concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) such as PCB170 (adjusted OR 2.2; p<0.001) were also found. Protective factors associated with T2D included b-carotenes (adjusted OR 0.6; p<0.001). Conclusions and Significance: Despite difficulty in ascertaining causality, the potential for novel factors of large effect associated with T2D justify the use of EWAS to create hypotheses regarding the broad contribution of the environment to disease. Even in this study based on prior collected epidemiological measures, environmental factors can be found with effect sizes comparable to the best loci yet found by GWAS.
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页数:10
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