Hydropathic analysis and mutagenesis of the catalytic domain of the cGMP-binding cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE5). cGMP versus cAMP substrate selectivity

The mechanism of discrimination between cGMP and cAMP in the catalytic site of the cGMP-binding cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase (BTPDE5A1 or PDES) has been investigated. A hydropathy analysis of the catalytic domains of different families of PDEs suggests that substrate selectivity of PDEs could result from the pattern of hydrophobic/hydrophilic residues in a short segment surrounding a conserved Glu that has been shown to be critical for cGMP binding in the catalytic domain of PDES. This implies that the substrate selectivity of PDES could be altered by replacing the residues within this segment that are conserved in cGMP-specific PDEs with the conserved residues in the corresponding positions of cAMP-specific PDEs. The A769T/L771R, W762L/Q765Y, and W762L/Q765Y/A769T/L771R mutant PDE5s were expressed in High Five cells, and their substrate selectivities were compared with that of wild-type PDES. The results indicate that the substrate-binding site of PDES contains positive elements for accommodating cGMP, as well as negative elements that discriminate against binding of cAMP, and that the cGMP/cAMP selectivity of PDE5 can be shifted 106-fold by substituting four residues of PDE5 with the residues in the corresponding positions of PDE4.