Sterol 27-hydroxylase- and ApoAI/phospholipid-mediated efflux of cholesterol from cholesterol-laden macrophages -: Evidence for an inverse relation between the two mechanisms

Cholesterol-laden, human monocyte-derived macrophages were found to contain 27-hydroxycholesterol in proportion to their content of cholesterol ester. In accordance with previous wort; with human lung alveolar macrophages, there was a significant efflux of 27-hydroxycholesterol and 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholestenoic acid from the cultured cells. The efflux of 27-hydroxycholesterol was proportional to the cellular content of this steroid. Incubation of cholesterol-laden macrophages with reconstituted discoidal complexes made from apolipoprotein A-I and phospholipids resulted in a decrease in total cellular cholesterol, an increase in the efflux of free cholesterol, and a concomitant decrease in the total production and efflux of 27-oxygenated steroids, in particular, 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholestenoic acid. Reconstituted discoidal complexes with the Milano variant of apolipoprotein A-I gave virtually identical results, whereas high density lipoprotein was less efficient. These results suggest that cultured cholesterol-laden cells can export some of their excess cholesterol in the form of 27-hydroxycholesterol, 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholestenoic acid. and free cholesterol. In the presence of exogenous cholesterol accepters, export of free cholesterol becomes more effective, resulting in less cholesterol exported via the 27-hydroxylase pathway. The balance between the two mechanisms for removal of cholesterol from macrophages may be of importance for formation of foam cells and development of atherosclerosis.