Pathways and timescales for troposphere-to-stratosphere transport via the tropical tropopause layer and their relevance for very short lived substances

被引:73
作者
Levine, J. G. [1 ]
Braesicke, P.
Harris, N. R. P.
Savage, N. H.
Pyle, J. A.
机构
[1] Univ Cambridge, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England
[2] Univ Cambridge, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Atmospher Chem Support Unit, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England
[3] Univ Cambridge, European Ozone Res Coordinating Unit, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England
关键词
WATER-VAPOR; OZONE; CHEMISTRY; MODEL; AIR; CLIMATOLOGY; DEHYDRATION; VARIABILITY; CONVECTION; EXCHANGE;
D O I
10.1029/2005JD006940
中图分类号
P4 [大气科学(气象学)];
学科分类号
0706 ; 070601 ;
摘要
[1] We have carried out studies of the transport between the tropical boundary layer, the tropical tropopause layer, and the stratosphere during January 2001 using both atmospheric tracers in a transport model and air parcel trajectories. Most of the transport (approximately two thirds) from the planetary boundary layer (BL) into the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) occurs vertically above the Indian Ocean and the Indonesian and west Pacific regions, consistent with transport dominated by convection. Transport from the base of the TTL into the stratosphere above the dynamical tropopause is dominated (approximately 95%) by transport into the extratropical lowermost stratosphere (ELS) with a much smaller fraction entering the stratospheric "overworld.'' Overall, transport from the BL to the ELS is sufficiently rapid that this represents an important route by which very short lived substances (VSLS), emitted at the surface, can influence lower stratospheric ozone. The two approaches, using high-resolution trajectories and a lower-resolution transport model, yield generally similar results, increasing confidence that chemistry transport models can capture transport sufficiently well for chemical assessment modeling of the role of VSLS.
引用
收藏
页数:15
相关论文
共 56 条
[1]   TRANSPORT OF WATER-VAPOR IN A STRATOSPHERE TROPOSPHERE GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL .1. FLUXES [J].
ALLAM, RJ ;
TUCK, AF .
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY, 1984, 110 (464) :321-356
[2]   A comparison of ozone and thermal tropopause heights and the impact of tropopause definition on quantifying the ozone content of the troposphere [J].
Bethan, S ;
Vaughan, G ;
Reid, SJ .
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY, 1996, 122 (532) :929-944
[3]   MEASUREMENTS OF STRATOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE AND WATER-VAPOR AT NORTHERN MIDLATITUDES - IMPLICATIONS FOR TROPOSPHERE-TO-STRATOSPHERE TRANSPORT [J].
BOERING, KA ;
HINTSA, EJ ;
WOFSY, SC ;
ANDERSON, JG ;
DAUBE, BC ;
DESSLER, AE ;
LOEWENSTEIN, M ;
MCCORMICK, MP ;
PODOLSKE, JR ;
WEINSTOCK, EM ;
YUE, GK .
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 1995, 22 (20) :2737-2740
[4]   A trajectory-based study of the tropical tropopause region [J].
Bonazzola, M ;
Haynes, PH .
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 2004, 109 (D20) :D201121-23
[5]   Using a photochemical model for the validation of NO2 satellite measurements at different solar zenith angles [J].
Bracher, A ;
Sinnhuber, M ;
Rozanov, A ;
Burrows, JP .
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, 2005, 5 :393-408
[7]   A three-dimensional model calculation of the ozone depletion potential of 1-bromopropane (1-C3H7Br) [J].
Bridgeman, CH ;
Pyle, JA ;
Shallcross, DE .
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 2000, 105 (D21) :26493-26502
[8]  
CHIPPERFIELD MP, 1996, 44A UGAMP U READ DEP
[9]   The impact of human activities on the photochemical production and destruction of tropospheric ozone [J].
Collins, WJ ;
Derwent, RG ;
Johnson, CE ;
Stevenson, DS .
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY, 2000, 126 (566) :1925-1951
[10]   INSITU EVIDENCE OF RAPID, VERTICAL, IRREVERSIBLE TRANSPORT OF LOWER TROPOSPHERIC AIR INTO THE LOWER TROPICAL STRATOSPHERE BY CONVECTIVE CLOUD TURRETS AND BY LARGER-SCALE UPWELLING IN TROPICAL CYCLONES [J].
DANIELSEN, EF .
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 1993, 98 (D5) :8665-8681